Seroprevalence of ANTI-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with biologic and/or immunosuppressant drugs are at increased risk for opportunistic infections. Seroprevalence studies can confirm the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections as well as the associated risk factors. This is a descriptive study which primary endpoints were to highlight the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a cohort of IBD patients in March 2021, and to analyze seroconversion in patients with known COVID-19 infection and its relationship with IBD treatments. Patients filled in a questionnaire about symptoms of COVID-19 infection and clinical information about their IBD. All included patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. 392 patients were included. Among patients with clinical infection, 69 patients (17,65%) were IgG-positive, 286 (73,15%) IgG-negative and 36 (9,21%) indeterminate. In relation to seroconversion among patients under biologic treatment, 13 patients of the 23 with a previous positive CRP developed antibodies (56.5%). However, when the influence of immunosuppressive treatment on the probability of developing antibodies was analyzed, no significant differences were seen between those patients with or without treatment (77.8% vs. 77.1%, p = 0.96). In our cohort of IBD patients, after one year of pandemic, there were 18.64% IgG positive patients, a higher prevalence than the general population (15.7%).

Radioguided surgery in primary hyperparathyroidism: a review of the different available techniques. / Cirugía radioguiada en el hiperparatiroidismo primario: revisión de las diferentes técnicas disponibles.

Parathyroidectomy has evolved over the years from bilateral neck exploration to a single gland approach using minimally invasive surgery. The precise presurgical localization of the problem gland, using functional techniques, such as double-phase scintigraphy with [99mTc] Tc-MIBI including SPECT-CT and PET-CT with [18F]-Choline and morphological ones, such as ultrasound have played a crucial role in this paradigm's shift. Radioguided surgery techniques have also adapted and grown with new contributions known for their indication in other fields. Thus, we currently have a wide range of techniques that have been added to the minimally invasive radioguided parathyroidectomy with [99mTc] Tc-MIBI, which was the first on the stage and for which more experience exists. Among them, in this update, we will discuss parathyroidectomy using ultrasound-guided ROLL technique as well as with the use of 125I seeds and finally, hybrid techniques that use radiotracer and fluorescence.

Neumonía vírica bilateral por COVID-19 como hallazgo casual en 18F-FDG-PET-TC de estadificación de paciente con melanoma gemelar derecho / Bilateral viral pneumonia by COVID-19 as a chance finding in staging with 18F-FGD-PET/CT of patient with right calf melanoma

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Actualización sobre el papel de las técnicas de Medicina Nuclear en el diagnóstico de localización prequirúrgico en el hiperparatiroidismo primario / Update of the role of Nuclear Medicine techniques in the pre-surgical localization of primary hyperparathyroidism

El hiperparatiroidismo primario es una de las enfermedades endocrinas más frecuentes. Su diagnóstico es bioquímico. Las pruebas de imagen no tienen utilidad para el diagnóstico de esta afección, únicamente son pruebas localizadoras prequirúrgicas. En esta formación continuada analizaremos las diferentes modalidades de imagen empleadas en esta indicación, centrándonos en la Medicina Nuclear. La técnica de imagen más empleada en este contexto es la gammagrafía de paratiroides, en la actualidad la técnica de doble fase con 99mTc-MIBI y la de doble trazador 99mTc-MIBI/99mTc-pertecnetato, asociada en el primer caso a una SPECT o SPECT/TC, en tiempo precoz o tardío. La PET/TC con diferentes trazadores está demostrando buenos resultados, aplicada fundamentalmente en los casos de fallo de localización prequirúrgica de la gammagrafía. Exponemos, asimismo, los resultados de las técnicas de imagen morfológicas, y la utilidad de la combinación de técnicas

Primary hyperparathyroidism is one of the most frequent endocrine disorders. Its diagnosis is biochemical. Imaging techniques are not useful for the diagnosis of this pathology; they are just tools for pre-surgical localization. In this continuing education, we will analyze the different imaging modalities used in this indication, focusing on Nuclear Medicine. The most commonly used imaging technique in this context is the parathyroid scintigraphy, nowadays double phase protocol with 99mTc-MIBI and the double tracer with 99mTc-MIBI/99mTc-pertechnetate, associated in the first case to SPECT or SPECT/CT, in an early or late phase. The PET/CT with different tracers is showing good results, especially applied to cases of failure in the pre-surgical scintigraphic localization. We expose the results of the morphological imaging techniques as well as the usefulness of combining techniques

Update of the role of Nuclear Medicine techniques in the pre-surgical localization of primary hyperparathyroidism. / Actualización sobre el papel de las técnicas de Medicina Nuclear en el diagnóstico de localización prequirúrgico en el hiperparatiroidismo primario.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is one of the most frequent endocrine disorders. Its diagnosis is biochemical. Imaging techniques are not useful for the diagnosis of this pathology; they are just tools for pre-surgical localization. In this continuing education, we will analyze the different imaging modalities used in this indication, focusing on Nuclear Medicine. The most commonly used imaging technique in this context is the parathyroid scintigraphy, nowadays double phase protocol with 99mTc-MIBI and the double tracer with 99mTc-MIBI/99mTc-pertechnetate, associated in the first case to SPECT or SPECT/CT, in an early or late phase. The PET/CT with different tracers is showing good results, especially applied to cases of failure in the pre-surgical scintigraphic localization. We expose the results of the morphological imaging techniques as well as the usefulness of combining techniques.

Actualización de la biopsia del ganglio centinela tras quimioterapia neoadyuvante en el cáncer de mama sin y con afectación ganglionar al diagnóstico / Review of the role of the sentinel node biopsy in neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women with breast cancer and negative or positive axillary node at diagnosis

Esta actualización pretende contextualizar la relevancia de la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela (BSGC) en mujeres con cáncer de mama e indicación de quimioterapia neoadyuvante (QTN). El Grupo de Trabajo de Cirugía Radioguiada de la SEMNIM es consciente de la variabilidad existente en nuestro país sobre todo en cuanto al momento de realizar la técnica (previa o tras la QTN) y en cuanto al manejo de pacientes con axila negativa o positiva al diagnóstico. Existe suficiente experiencia contrastada para aseverar que mediante técnicas radioisotópicas la BSGC es factible, eficaz y segura en estos escenarios. Una adecuada valoración mediante técnicas de imagen de la situación tumoral a nivel de la axila previa a la cirugía y la posibilidad del marcaje previo a la QTN de cualquier ganglio infiltrado deben ser los pilares fundamentales para garantizar el éxito de la BSGC. Es un hecho que incorporar la BSGC en el cáncer de mama con indicación de QTN favorece un tratamiento conservador de la axila, lo cual redunda en claro beneficio de las pacientes (AU)

The role of the selective sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is increasing in relevance in breast cancer women with indication of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The Radiosurgery Working Group of the SEMNIM is aware of the necessity of establishing the need for SNB before or after NAC, and also how to manage patients with axillary node-negative or node-positive. There is sufficient data to assess that the SNB with radioisotope techniques are feasible and safe in all these scenarios. An adequate axilla evaluation prior to surgery and the possibility of marking prior to NAC the nodes infiltrated must be the two main pillars to guarantee the success of the SNB. It has been shown that to incorporate the SNB in breast cancer women with indication of NAC increases the rate of a conservative treatment of the axilla that will be a clear benefit for these patients (AU)

Review of the role of the sentinel node biopsy in neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women with breast cancer and negative or positive axillary node at diagnosis. / Actualización de la biopsia del ganglio centinela tras quimioterapia neoadyuvante en el cáncer de mama sin y con afectación ganglionar al diagnóstico.

The role of the selective sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is increasing in relevance in breast cancer women with indication of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The Radiosurgery Working Group of the SEMNIM is aware of the necessity of establishing the need for SNB before or after NAC, and also how to manage patients with axillary node-negative or node-positive. There is sufficient data to assess that the SNB with radioisotope techniques are feasible and safe in all these scenarios. An adequate axilla evaluation prior to surgery and the possibility of marking prior to NAC the nodes infiltrated must be the two main pillars to guarantee the success of the SNB. It has been shown that to incorporate the SNB in breast cancer women with indication of NAC increases the rate of a conservative treatment of the axilla that will be a clear benefit for these patients.

Effect of high-fat diet on secreted milk transcriptome in midlactation mice.

High-fat diet (HFD) during lactation alters milk composition and is associated with development of metabolic diseases in the offspring. We hypothesized that HFD affects milk microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA content, which potentially impact offspring development. Our objective was to determine the effect of maternal HFD on secreted milk transcriptome. To meet this objective, 4 wk old female ICR mice were divided into two treatments: control diet containing 10% kcal fat and HFD containing 60% kcal fat. After 4 wk on CD or HFD, mice were bred while continuously fed the same diets. On postnatal day 2 (P2), litters were normalized to 10 pups, and half the pups in each litter were cross-fostered between treatments. Milk was collected from dams on P10 and P12. Total RNA was isolated from milk fat fraction of P10 samples and used for mRNA-Seq and small RNA-Seq. P12 milk was used to determine macronutrient composition. After 4 wk of prepregnancy feeding HFD mice weighed significantly more than did the control mice. Lactose and fat concentration were significantly ( P < 0.05) higher in milk of HFD dams. Pup weight was significantly greater ( P < 0.05) in groups suckled by HFD vs. control dams. There were 25 miRNA and over 1,500 mRNA differentially expressed (DE) in milk of HFD vs. control dams. DE mRNA and target genes of DE miRNA enriched categories that were primarily related to multicellular organismal development. Maternal HFD impacts mRNA and miRNA content of milk, if bioactive nucleic acids are absorbed by neonate differences may affect development.

Utilidad de la gammagrafía de receptores de somatostatina en la detección de recurrencias y seguimiento de paragangliomas carotídeos / Usefulness of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the detection of recurrences and follow-up of carotid paragangliomas

Introducción: El octreótido es un análogo sintético activo de la somatostatina que marcado con indio-111 tiene la capacidad de unirse a sus receptores, especialmente presentes en células neuroendocrinas. El objetivo es evaluar la utilidad de la gammagrafía de receptores de somatostatina (GRS) para la detección de recurrencias o restos tumorales de paragangliomas carotídeos. Material y métodos: Fueron considerados para análisis 29 casos tratados en 26 pacientes entre enero de 1996 y diciembre de 2010. Los estudios de GRS fueron comparados con angio-TC, así como los hallazgos clínicos y patológicos. Se registraron las variables demográficas, técnicas terapéuticas y los datos de seguimiento. Resultados: Mediana de edad de 68 años (r-27-82), 76,9% mujeres, resección completa del tumor glómico con reconstrucción vascular en 2 casos, endarterectomía carotídea en 3 y embolización preoperatoria en 3 casos. No se registró mortalidad perioperatoria. Tras una mediana de seguimiento de 5,8 ± 3,9 años, la lesión neurológica fue la complicación más frecuente (un nervio hipogloso, disfonía en 2 casos y glosofaríngeo en otro). El estudio GRS fue posible en 17 pacientes (mortalidad 19,2% [5], pérdida de seguimiento 15,4% [4]). Uno de los pacientes mostró hallazgos anormales en el estudio que no fueron detectados con angio-TC, confirmándose quirúrgicamente una recidiva local. Conclusiones: La GRS es una técnica útil para la detección de tumores neuroendocrinos primarios y metastásicos. Esta técnica permite la distinción entre paragangliomas carotídeos y otros tumores de cabeza y cuello, siendo válida para el seguimiento postoperatorio y la detección de recurrencias (AU)

Introduction: Octreotide is an active synthetic analogue of Indium-111-labelled somatostatin. It has the ability to bind to their receptors, especially present in neuroendocrine cells. The objective is to evaluate the usefulness of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (GRS) for the detection of recurrences or residual tumours of carotid paragangliomas. Material and methods: A total of 29 cases in 26 patients treated between January 1996 and December 2010 were considered for analysis. GRS studies were compared with CT angiography and the clinical and pathological findings. We recorded demographic, therapeutic techniques and monitoring data. Results: Mean age 68 years (r-27-82), 76.9% female, complete resection of glomus tumour with vascular reconstruction in 2 cases, CEA in 3 patients, and preoperative embolization in three cases. There was no perioperative mortality. After a mean of 5.8±3.9 years, neurological injury was the most common complication (hypoglossal nerve injury in one case, dysphonia in two cases, and glossopharyngeal injury in another). The GRS study was possible in 17 patients (19.2% mortality, 15.4% lost to follow-up). One of the patients showed abnormal findings in GRS study that were not detected in CT; confirmed surgically as a local recurrence. Conclusions: The GRS is a useful technique for the detection of primary and metastatic neuroendocrine tumours. This technique helps to distinguish between carotid paragangliomas and other head and neck tumours, and is valid for the monitoring and detection of postoperative recurrence (AU)

Discovery of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the uncharacterized genome of the ascomycete Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum from 454 sequence data.

The benefits from recent improvement in sequencing technologies, such as the Roche GS FLX (454) pyrosequencing, may be even more valuable in non-model organisms, such as many plant pathogenic fungi of economic importance. One application of this new sequencing technology is the rapid generation of genomic information to identify putative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to be used for population genetic, evolutionary, and phylogeographic studies on non-model organisms. The focus of this research was to sequence, assemble, discover and validate SNPs in a fungal genome using 454 pyrosequencing when no reference sequence is available. Genomic DNA from eight isolates of Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum was pooled in one region of a four-region sequencing run on a Roche 454 GS FLX. This yielded 71 million total bases comprising 217,000 reads, 80% of which collapsed into 16,125,754 bases in 30,339 contigs upon assembly. By aligning reads from multiple isolates, we detected 298 SNPs using Roche's GS Mapper. With no reference sequence available, however, it was difficult to distinguish true polymorphisms from sequencing error. Eagleview software was used to manually examine each contig that contained one or more putative SNPs, enabling us to discard all but 45 of the original 298 putative SNPs. Of those 45 SNPs, 13 were validated using standard Sanger sequencing. This research provides a valuable genetic resource for research into the genus Ophiognomonia, demonstrates a framework for the rapid and cost-effective discovery of SNP markers in non-model organisms and should prove especially useful in the case of asexual or clonal fungi with limited genetic variability.

Immunohistochemical analysis of P-Selectin as a possible marker of vitality in human cutaneous wounds.

Immunohistochemical detection of mediators of inflammation, such as P-Selectin, has been proposed to assess vitality of wounds. Forty-five incised cutaneous wounds (24 vital, 14 post-mortem, seven with induced autolysis/putrefaction) were immunostained with antibodies against P-Selectin and CD31. The percentage of stained lumina for P-Selectin out of the total of CD31 positive vessels (P-S/CD31 index) was calculated at both edges of every specimen. In vital samples, the P-S/CD31 index ranged from 10.7% to 71.4% at the wound edge, and was 12.5-58.8% for the opposite margin, with a ratio between both indices of 0.37-1.77 (mean: 0.94). In post-mortem cases, the index ranged from 22.5% to 69.2% at the wound edge, and was 28-89.5% at the opposite margin, with a ratio between both indices of 0.76-1.9 (mean: 0.96). Differences between ratios were not statistically significant and thus precluded any assessment of vitality. The analysis of P-Selectin/CD31 immunoreactivity in skin wounds was not useful for the diagnosis of vitality when evaluating both edges for each specimen. Moreover, P-Selectin has been detected in post-mortem injuries and it is not specific to vital injuries. Microscopic evaluation becomes difficult after autolysis/putrefaction.

Bioflora probiotic in immunomodulation and prophylaxis of intestinal bacterial translocation in rats.

UNLABELLED: The immunomodulator effect of Bioflora probiotic on T (CD4+) and B (CD20) lymphocytes in gastrointestinal mucosa and intestinal bacterial translocation was studied using Wistar rats (n = 10 per group). Two experiments were used: (I) stress with immobilization and water immersion at 22 degrees C for 7 h plus the application of indomethacin (Indo) 10 mg/kg SC every 24 h for 3 days (comparator group), and (II) stress experiment I with the addition of 1 mL of Bioflora applied through a orogastric tube every 12 h for 3 days. At the 4th day, in asepsis, a dissection laparotomy of liver, spleen, mesenteric lymphatic nodes, and cecum was performed for microbiological culture, and stomach, ileum, and colon were also dissected for immunohistochemical and quantification of CD4+ and CD20. Findings in experiment I revealed cecum bacterial overdevelopment of 6 x 10(10) +/- 2.3 x 10(9) colony-forming units (CFU) (P < 0.01) and positive cultures in liver, spleen, and all mesenteric lymphatic nodes. On the other hand, in the group treated with Probiotic Bioflora, cecum without overdevelopment (3 x 10(6) +/- 1.3 x 10(5) CFU), negative cultures in liver and spleen, and in lymphatic nodes two positive and eight negative cultures for E. coli and P. vulgaris (P < 0.01) were observed. Immunohistochemistry revealed a relevant increase of T lymphocytes (CD4+) in ileum and colon. CONCLUSIONS: Bioflora probiotic was shown to be an intestinal immunomodulator that induced increased T (CD4+) lymphocytes that also offer prophylaxis of intestinal bacterial translocation in a stressed rat model.